Acne is one of the most common skin conditions. It affects most teenagers, and many adults too. It isn't a hygiene problem, nor necessarily a phase you have to "wait out": effective treatments exist, and the earlier you treat it, the lower the risk of scarring.

How does acne form?

The skin's oil glands produce too much sebum, which mixes with dead skin cells and clogs the pores. Inside these clogged pores, a bacterium that normally lives on the skin multiplies and causes inflammation. Hormones play a key role, which is why acne appears at puberty and can flare before periods.

How severe can acne be?

  • Mild: blackheads and whiteheads, with a few spots.
  • Moderate: more red, inflamed spots and pustules.
  • Severe: deep, painful nodules or cysts that often leave scars.

The right daily routine

  • Wash your face twice a day with a gentle cleanser, without scrubbing.
  • Use a moisturiser and "non-comedogenic" products.
  • Wear sunscreen, especially with treatments that make the skin sensitive.
  • Don't squeeze spots: it spreads inflammation and leaves marks and scars.
  • Avoid harsh home remedies (toothpaste, lemon…) that irritate the skin.

Treatments a doctor may prescribe

The doctor chooses the treatment based on how severe the acne is, your skin type and your situation:

  • Topical treatments applied to the skin: they unclog pores and reduce bacteria and inflammation. They are the mainstay for mild and moderate acne.
  • Oral antibiotics for a limited time in inflamed acne, alongside a topical treatment.
  • Hormonal treatments for some women, depending on the case.
  • A strong treatment for severe acne, prescribed and closely monitored by a dermatologist. It is strictly forbidden during pregnancy and requires effective contraception in women.

Be patient: results usually appear after 8 to 12 weeks. Some topical treatments may irritate the skin a little at first. Don't combine several strong products without medical advice.

Dark marks and scars after acne

Once a spot has gone, a dark mark may remain, especially on darker skin. These marks are not scars: they fade gradually over months, and daily sunscreen helps them fade faster. True scars (small pits or raised areas) are permanent, which is why the best prevention is treating inflamed acne early. Once the acne is under control, a dermatologist can suggest treatments to improve scars, such as medical peels or laser, depending on the case.

Common myths

  • "The sun cures acne": it may hide spots for a while, but it darkens marks, and acne often comes back afterwards.
  • "It will go away with marriage or age": it may ease over time, but waiting exposes you to permanent scars.
  • "Washing your face often keeps it clean": over-washing dries and irritates the skin, which then produces more oil.

When should you see a dermatologist?

  • Deep, painful spots or cysts.
  • Scars or dark marks that don't fade.
  • No improvement after two to three months of skincare and over-the-counter products.
  • Acne that appears suddenly in adulthood, or with irregular periods or excess hair.
  • Its effect on your confidence or mood: that alone is a good enough reason to consult.

See a dermatologist

Acne can be assessed well on video, and treatment can be followed up remotely. Browse the available dermatologists or book an appointment directly.